Bioremediation of Used Engine Oil Polluted Soil Using Goat Manure

 Abstract

 Hydrocarbon contamination of land, water, air, vegetation and human is a widespread global environmental concern. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of goat manure for the bioremediation of used engine oil polluted soil. 10kg soil sample was collected from a site free of used engine oil contamination (from an agricultural land in The Department of Petroleum Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Benin, Ugbowo Campus, Benin City, Edo State in Nigeria) using a 22-cm hand-dug soil auger and stored in labeled black polythene bag. The sample was air dried, grinded and sieved through 2mm mesh before use. Before contamination, the soil sample was subjected to chemical digestion using 1:1 ratio of 0.25M hydrochloric acid and Nitric acid. Thereafter it was characterized to determine the physio-chemical properties. The physio-chemical properties determined include Total Heterotrophic bacterial, Moisture content Soil, pH, Electrical conductivity, Total hydrocarbon content (THC), Total organic carbon, Total nitrogen content in addition to the soil composition including percent sand, Total Phosphorus, Lead (Pb) and Iron (Fe). The used engine oil was added gradually into the bowl containing the unpolluted sieved soil sample and was properly mixed.

 The used engine oil was to serve as the pollutant. The soil samples were left for 4days for stabilization before the commencement of treatment process. The experiment was monitored for a period of eight (8) weeks under which appreciable level of remediation had been obtained. Result obtained shows that there was a gradual increase in pH, Electrical conductivity (EC) and Total Heterotrophic bacterial (THB), and also a gradual decrease in total nitrogen content (TNC), total organic carbon (TOC), total phosphorus (TP), lead (Pb), Iron (Fe) and total hydrocarbon content (THC). The result explicitly showed that goat manure is a good substrate for bioremediation of used engine oil polluted site with calculated engine oil removal efficiency of 62.67%. The kinetic modelling shows that the experimental data fitted well with pseudo-second order kinetic model. On predicting the rate of hydrocarbon loss with time the non-linear regression model gave higher coefficient of determination of 0.9874 compared to the linear regression model that gave 0.9665.

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It’s Time for Humanity to Understand what Fires in the Forests are about

Opinion

The main reason for the increased fire and danger of forests in the world is that humanity immensely applies mineral fertilizers in agriculture around the globe. These fertilizers (primarily nitrates) are raised by the wind with dust into the air and get inside the leaves of trees. This is worse than increased nitrates at the roots in the soil. The forests themselves occur as a result of a decrease in the root security of trees (Figure). Nitrates acidify the extracellular solution inside the leaves and activate the enzyme invertase. Increased by the action of invertase, the hydrolysis of sucrose prevents its export from the leaves to the roots to enhance their growth. In this case, theorni cannot provide water to the entire section of the wood of the tree trunk. The root security of the plant decreases, and the amount of water absorbed becomes insufficient to fill the vessels of dead wood. And it dries up [1]. In the photo from the Internet of a burning tree in Australia, this is clearly visible photo. Gorys dry wood inside the tree, and the bark does not burn. To eliminate this phenomenon, IT IS necessary.

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