Prevalence of Hypothyroidism in Ischemic Heart Disease

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases affect younger population in developing countries like India and carry a higher mortality rate. Common risk factors responsible for myocardial infarction in India are dyslipidemia, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, abdominal obesity, physical inactivity, low fruits and vegetables intake, and psychosocial stress. Other risk factors account for lesser number of cases, one such risk factor being hypothyroidism. A retrospective study was done using hospital records who were admitted with the diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome during the period January 2021 to February 2022 Department of Cardiology , Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) Dhaka, Bangladesh. A total number of 326 patients were admitted with acute coronary syndrome, out of these patients 93 (28.53%) were screened with thyroid profile(male 30, female 63). Female patients were more likely to be screened with thyroid profile than male patients (p value <0.0001). 17.2% (16) of the patients had thyroid abnormality. Three female patients had subclinical hypothyroidism. Four male and nine female patients had ‘low T3 syndrome’. Of the 93 patients there were 7 deaths (7.5%). In the low T3 group the mortality was 38.5%. The mortality in the low T3 group was significantly higher and statistically significant (p value 0.0062), compared to euthyroid subjects. The study highlights the fact that low T3 syndrome in patients with acute coronary syndrome (NSTEMI and STEMI) acts has a poor prognosis factor. The study also highlights to the fact that, screening is less commonly utilized in patients with acute coronary syndrome.

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Microbial Remediation of Dichloro-Diphenyl- Trichloroethane (DDT)

Abstract

The insecticide had been intensively applied for agricultural pest control since 1940. It was disqualified because it persists in the environment, accumulates in fatty tissues, and can cause bad health effects on wildlife and human being. The organochlorine (DDT) has been programmed under the Stockholm Convention to protect human health and the environment from Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs). Biodegradation is carried out by microorganisms (bacteria and fungi) that naturally live in the environment. Bacteria and fungi have very diverse metabolisms, and they use a wide variety of food and energy sources and perform many important functions by decomposition. Complete biodegradation of DDT involves the oxidation of parent compound to form carbon dioxide and water and provides both carbon and energy for the growth and reproduction of microbes. Each degradation step is catalyzed by specific enzyme produced by a degrading cell or enzyme found external to the cell. Degradation of insecticide by enzyme will stop at any step if an appropriate enzyme is not present. Effects of DDT on human health and the environment depend on the dose of DDT and the timespan and frequency of exposure. It effects also depend on the health of a person and certain environmental factors. DDE and DDT can pass to the fetus in pregnant women. Both chemicals are found in breast milk, resulting in exposure to nursing infants. Microbes can be screened out from soil and wastewater as an effective tool for biodegradation of toxic organic chemicals. Phanerochaete and related fungi that have the ability to attack wood possess a powerful extracellular enzyme that, acts on a broad array of organic compounds

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