Camel Milk: Nutritional Composition, Functionality and Health Benefits-A Mini Review

Abstract

A comprehensive mini-review on camel milk nutritional composition in comparison with bovine milk and an overview of functional properties as antioxidant, antimicrobial and Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE)-inhibitory activities is provided. Camel milk and its protein fractions as lactoferrin and α-lactalbumin were found to provide various potential health benefits including anti-carcinogenic effect, hypocholesterolaemic effect, anti-diabetic, anti-autism and hypoallergenicity effects. Detailed investigations on beneficial impact of camel milk as well its nutrition value was investigated for the improvement of camel milk production and consumption worldwide not only in the arid countries and the hot regions.

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Antibacterial Efficacy of Vernonia Amygdalina Against Bacteria Strains Recovered from Hospital Fomites, Nigeria

Abstract

This study was carried out to evaluate the occurrence of bacteria from hospital fomites and the antibacterial activity extract from Vernonia amygdalina against bacteria isolates. The colonies obtained were subjected to colonial characteristics and conventional biochemical test with reference to Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology. The antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates was performed using the Kirby-Bauer’s disc diffusion methods while the antimicrobial activity of the extract was performed by using well diffusion method. Proteus species (18%) were the most prevalent bacteria followed by Staphylococcus spp (16%) while Actinobacter spp and Photobacterium spp have the least of 1%. All the isolates showed high resistant (100%) to various antibiotics tested while they are sensitive to ofloxacin. The bioactive extract of Vernonia amygdalina revealed the presence of some active medicinal constituent. The antibacterial activity of the extract against the organisms produced a zone of inhibition which ranged between 4.5-15mm at 100mg/ml concentration while it ranged between 2.0-12.1mm at 50mg/ml. In conclusion, this study showed that hospital fomites harbour highly pathogenic bacteria which have the potentials of causing epidemics in the nearest future. Therefore, the efficacy of Vernonia amygdalina against clinical resistant isolates could be explored for further pharmaceutical use and should be encouraged in the formulation and production of new antibiotics.

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How Blood Group Correlates with the Clothes Color

Abstract

Objective of the present study was correlated blood group with clothes color. The total number of subjects in this project is 133. Antiserums are added in blood samples. Clumping of blood spot samples shows the blood group of subjects. A questioner was prepared about clothes color and it is concluded that the subjects have blood group B+ show maximum likeness of black clothes color and the blood group of AB- and O- shows minimum likeness of clothes color.

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Corona and Other Virus: Their Useful and Harmful Aspects

 Abstract

How the single virus is forceful and shakes the world is eyewitness during this contemporary COVID 19 pandemic time. People primarily think of viruses such as HIV, Ebola, Zika, Influenza, Tobacco mosaic virus or whatever new outbreak like SARS, Corona are all viruses worst and non-beneficial. However, not all viruses are detrimental and influential to human, animal and plant health. In fact, some viruses have beneficial properties for their hosts in a symbiotic relationship and scientific research in many disciplines. Understanding the microbial world is very critical and crucial thing that they are driving force and governing the physical world and biosphere at all. The virus and other microbial life those of bacteria, fungi, prion, viroid, virion are requiring great attention and research to enhance their utilization from majority of useful aspects of microbial genetic resource. The secret behind of every industry, agriculture, health and environment are the application of microbes and their products are too high for human being and environment. Without microbes all life would be cease on earth. However, some microbes are very dangerous like Corona virus, HIV, Ebola, Mycobacterium and others that destroy human life, but majority of microorganisms are too useful to promote development. Through building and strengthening microbial culture collection centers and through strong conservation strategy, it is possible to exploit more from the unseen microbial genetic resource. This paper will review the harmful and use full aspect of virus in respect with health, environment, agriculture and biotechnological application during this Covid19 pandemic time to raise awareness about virus at all.

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Hydroponic Growing of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) Using Bioorganic Liquid Fertilizer from Groundnut Husk and Onion Bulbs

 Abstract

Bioorganic liquid fertilizer not only increases bioorganic fertility of crops (in comparison to the control and prototype fertilizer), but also accelerates their maturation and nutrient quality. Thus, the present study was aimed to produce bioorganic liquid fertilizer from groundnut husk and onion bulbs through aerobic fermentation in open containers. The result indicated that bioorganic liquid fertilizer solution from groundnut husk and banana peels through aerobic fermentation in open containers. Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K), and calcium (Ca) were found to be significant between bioorganic liquid fertilizer and compost tea (used as a control) solution. The quality of bioorganic liquid fertilizer solution produced in the present study was indicated that all measured parameters including PH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Carbon(C), Nitrogen (N), and C:N ratio was found to be significant between compost tea and bioorganic fertilizer solutions. The performance of lettuce irrigated with bioorganic fertilizer solution in both soil and hydroponic medium (sawdust) was performing better than compost tea solution. It was found that most of the measured parameters including above ground biomass per plant (BMW), Days to Maturity (DM), and Head Weight Per Plant (HWP) were found to be significant, between compost tea and bioorganic fertilizer solutions, for all soil grown lettuce and hydroponic growth using sawdust. However, there was no significance difference observed for Number of Leaves per Plant (NLP). Further evaluation of fertilizer should have to be done by conducting field experiments for various crop plants.

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Growth and Herbage Yield of Gamba (Andropogon Gayanus, Kunth) and Kyasuwa (Pennisetum Pedicellatum, Tan) Grasses in Sokoto Semi-Arid Zone of Nigeria

Abstract

This paper reports on the growth and herbage yield of Andropogon gayanusand Pennisetum pedicellatumin the Sokoto Semi-arid zone of Nigeria, with a view to identifying most productive among the species for forage feed production in the study area. Field experiment was conducted during the 2010 rainy season at the Dabagi teaching and research farm of Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria. Parameters evaluated include plant height, number of leaves, leaf length, leaf width, number of tillers per plant and herbage dry matter yield at 10 WAS. The data generated was analyzed using the Statistical Analysis System in a Randomized Complete Block Design. Fisher’s Least Significance Difference (LSD_t<0.05) test was used for mean separation. Results showed that, P. pedicellatumproduced significantly (P<0.05) taller plants (110.01cm versus 77.25cm), higher (P<0.05) number of leaves per plant (6.39 versus 4.00) and higher (P<0.05) herbage dry matter yield (3.518 t DM ha^-1 versus 2.037 t DM ha^-1) compared to the A. gayanus. A. gayanusrecorded longer (P<0.05) leaves (46.83cm versus 27.90cm) and higher (P<0.05) number of tillers per plant (70.61 versus 28.67). Leaf width for the two grass species were statistically (P>0.05) similar (1.75cm versus 1.42cm) at 10 WAS. Merit analysis showed that P. pedicellatumrecorded a higher score of 9 points and was ranked 1^st while A. gayanusscored 8 points and was ranked 2^nd. It may be concluded that both the P. pedicellatumand A. gayanusshowed potentials for high productivity, thus; both species are recommended for production in the study area.

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Caffeine Pretreatment Increases Survival of DBAXC57BL Mice Exposed to Different Doses of γ– Radiation by Glutathione Elevation

 Abstract

Humans are exposed to ionizing radiations from various sources including background, air or space travel and diagnostic and cancer therapy. The deleterious changes induced by ionizing radiations can be reduced using different pharmacophores. The effect of 80 mg/kg body weight of caffeine was studied on the radiation-induced sickness and mortality in DBAxC57BL mice exposed to 7 to 13 Gy of -irradiation. Treatment of mice with caffeine one hour before irradiation delayed the onset of mortality and reduced the symptoms of radiation sickness when compared to saline treated irradiated controls. Caffeine provided protection against both the gastrointestinal and hemopoietic deaths. However, animals of both the Caffeine and Saline pretreated irradiation groups did not survive up to 30 days post-irradiation beyond 11 Gy irradiation. The LD50/30 was found to be 9.4 Gy for the Saline and 10.2 Gy for caffeine pretreated irradiation group, respectively with a dose reduction factor of 1.1. The ability of caffeine to protect mice against the radiation induced mortality is due to increase in glutathione accompanied by a reduced lipid peroxidation on 31days in the survivors. Caffeine protected the DBAxC57BL mice against radiation induced sickness and mortality by increasing glutathione and depleting lipid peroxidation.

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