Lymph Node Blood Vessels: Exit Route for Systemic Dissemination of Cancer Robert Skopec in Biotechnology and Microbiology-Lupine Publishers.
How does the brain rid itself of waste products? Other organs
in the body achieve this via a system called the lymphatic system.
A network of lymphatic vessels extends throughout the body in a
pattern like that of blood vessels. Waste products from cells, plus
bacteria, viruses and excess fluids drain out of the body’s tissues
into lymphatic vessels, which transfer them to bloodstream. Blood
vessels then carry the waste products to the kidneys, which filter
them out for secretion. Lymphatic vessels are also a highway for
circulation of white blood cells, which fight infections, and are
therefore an important part of the immune system. Unlike other
organs, the brain does not contain lymphatic vessels. So how does
it remove waste? Some of the brain’s waste products enter via the
fluid that bathes and protects the cerebrovascular fluid before being
disposed of via the bloodstream. Recent studies in rodents have also
shown the presence of lymphatic vessels inside the outer membrane
surrounding the brain the dura matter. Some reports show that the
dura matter of humans and marmoset monkeys contains lymphatic
vessels too. Spotting lymphatic vessels is challenging because
they resemble blood vessels, which are much more numerous.
In addition, it was found a way to visualize the lymphatic vessels
in the dura mater using brain magnetic resonance imaging and
could confirm that lymphatic vessels are present in autopsy tissue
using special staining methods. For magnetic resonance imaging,
monkeys and human volunteers received an injection of a dye-like
substance called gadolinium, which travels via the bloodstream to
the brain.
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